Tulsi (Ocimum sanctum Linn) is sacred medicinal herb which is worshipped in India. The literal Sanskrit meaning of Tulsi is one that is beyond comparison. In Hinduism, tulsi is considered sacred and worshipped as goddess. Since Vedic times, tulsi is present in every Hindu home. The other few common names of this plants are Vishnupriya, Vrinda and Haripriya (beloved of Lord Vishnu). In month of Kartik women celebrates Tulsi-vivah.

Tulsi is one of the commonest and greatest healing herb present in our house. It is regarded as queen of herbs. It has ability to cure diseases without any side effect. It is believed, regular chewing 5-10 leaves of tulsi plant helps to keep body diseases free. Mainly there are two common varieties of tulsi viz. Krishna or Shyama (Kali tulsi with purple leaves) and Rama or Sri (Hari tulsi with green leaves). Krishna tulsi has more medicinal value compare to rama tulsi. Due to its innumerable medicinal virtues it can be used in curing various diseases.

Tulsi leaves have hypocholesterolemic (lowering cholesterol), hypotriglyceridemic (lowering triglycerides), hepatoprotective (protecting liver), anti-inflammatory (preventing inflammation), and anti-oxidant effects.

General information

Scientific Classification

• Kingdom:Plantae
• (Unranked):Angiosperms
• (Unranked):Eudicots
• (Unranked):Asterids
• Order:Lamiales
• Family:Lamiaceae
• Genus:Ocimum

Species: Oscimum tenuiflorum, Oscimum sanctum

Binomial name: Ocimum tenuiflorum or Ocimum sanctum L.

Distribution: Tulsi plant is found throughout India.

Latin Name: Ocimum tenuiflorum Linn., Ocimum sanctum Linn. Lamiaceae (Labiatae)

Common names: Tulasi, Ajaka, Brinda, Manjari, Parnasa, Patrapuspha, Suvasa Tulasi, Krishna Tulasi, Sri Tulasi, Tulsi, Baranda, Kala Tulsi, Vrinda

English Name: Sacred Basil, Holy Basil.

Ayurvedic properties and action

• Rasa:Katu, Tikta, Kashaya
• Guna:Laghu, Ruksha, Tikshna
• Virya:Ushna (hot in potency)
• Vipaka:Katu
• Karma:Dipana, Hridya, Kaphahara, Ruchya, Vata-har, Pittavardhini, Durgandhi-hara

Constituents of Tulsi leaves

The leaves contains 0.7% volatile oil comprising about 71% eugenol and 20% methyl eugenol. The leaves also contain antioxidants and flavonoids.

Medicinal properties

• Antimicrobial, antibacterial and antiviral
• Analgesic and Antipyretic
• Liver protecting
• Memory improving
• Antidiabetic and antiulcer
• Antioxidant
• Adaptogenic
• Anticancer
• Immuno- modulator
• Antihypertensive and cardioprotective

Important Ayurvedic Formulation Tulsi containing

Tribhuvan kirti Rasa, Mukta Panchamrit Rasa, Manasamitra Vataka

Medicinal use of Tulasi

Improving strength, digestion

Chewing tulsi leaves empty stomach in morning improves body immunity and digestive power. It also improves memory, immunity and beneficial for whole body.

De-addiction

A person who is addicted to tobacco, alcohol, tea etc. should chew tulsi leaves with kali mirch, whenever he/she has urge for addicted substance.

Pimples, acne

Tulsi leaves effectively cures pimples and acne. You just need to make a paste of tulsi leaves with little amount of water. Apply this paste on pimple, acne affected area. Keep this for few minutes and then wash off with plain water. Do this once or twice a day regularly till pimples are cured.

Fever

Tulsi leaves have antibacterial and anti-viral properties. In months, when mosquito borne diseases (such as dengue and malaria) are prevalent, regular drinking of tulsi tea improves body immunity and may protect against diseases.

In dengue fever use of giloy and tulsi decoction effectively cures the fever. It also strengthens liver.

For general fever, tulsi leaves decoction with cardamom or dalchini can be prepared. This should be taken few times a day.

In chronic fever, 10 ml of tulsi leaves and mint leaves juice should be taken with misri.

Cold, cough, respiratory diseases

Tulsi leaves has expectorant properties. In cold cough, with 3 ml of ginger juice and 3 ml of tulsi leaves juice helps to give relief in cold and cough. Tulsi leaves juice with honey is also an effective remedy.

Sore throat

For sore throat, hot tulsi tea can be taken.

Tulsi for upper respiratory infections

Tulsi leaves helps in curing upper respiratory tract infections. Its leaves have anti-oxidant effects and improve body's immunity to fight against infections. This medicinal herb has immunomodulatory, antitussive, expectorant, antiviral, antibacterial and antifungal activities. This makes it excellent herb in treating bronchitis, asthma, productive and dry cough. It is also useful in allergic recurrent respiratory infections.

For fever due to cough and respiratory infection, tulsi leaves decoction with salt is very effective. To prepare this decoction, take 10-15 tulsi leaves, 5 cloves and boil in a glass of water till volume reduces to half. Filter this add some sendha namak and drink hot. Drink 2-3 times a day.

Mental stress

Tulsi leaves have adaptogen properties. Adaptogen are natural substance that help the body adapt to stress caused due to variety of reasons. For this purpose, person should chew 15 tulsi leaves twice a day.

Oral infections

Tulsi leaves have antibacterial properties. Chewing leaves of tulsi helps to cure oral infections.

Leucoderma

Tulsi leaves are used to treat various skin disorders. In leucoderma, tulsi leaves are applied on affected skin patches. For this purpose, equal amount of tulsi leaves juice, lemon juice and kasundi leaves juice are taken. These are mixed and put in a brass vessel. This vessel is kept in sun for a day and then applied on affected skin area.

Wounds, insect bites, ring worm

Tulsi leaves juice is extracted and applied on wounds, insect bites for quicker healing.

Painful or difficult urination

In such case, person should drink 10 ml of tulsi juice mixed with 10 ml of lemon juice.

Improving fertility and semen in male, preventing premature ejaculation

Tulsi plant seeds are used for treating male reproductive system related problems. The seeds are taken fifty grams. These are mixed with 40 grams musali. Sixty grams of miri in powder form is also added. All three are mixed well. Regular intake of this powder (5 grams) improves semen quality and prevent premature ejaculation.

Tulsi use in diabetes

Tulsi lowers blood sugar level and improves glucose tolerance. In a clinical study Tulsi leaves powder has shown reduction in fasting blood sugar and postprandial glucose level in patients of non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus

Tulsi for free radical scavenging

Tulsi leaves are rich in essential oils. It contains eugenol which makes it good anti-oxidant.

How to take Tulsi

Tulsi fresh leaves, leaves powder, fresh leaves decoction, infusion can be used. Tulsi leaves powder is prepared by drying its leaves in shade and grinded to make powder. Various supplements that contain tulsi extracts are being manufactured and marketed by many pharmaceutical companies.

Shatavaryadi Churna is herbal Ayurvedic medicine. This medicine is prepared form five medicinal herbs viz. Shatavar(Asparagus racemosus Tubers), Asgandh(Withania somnifera roots), Gokhru(Tribulus terrestris Fruits), Musli(Chlorophytum tuberosum ) and Kaunch(Mucuna pruriens). All herbs has immunomodulator, galactagogue (stimulates breast milk), aphrodisiac and rejuvenator properties.

Key Ingredients of Shatavaryadi Churna

Asparagus racemosus Tubers 1 part, Tribulus terrestris Fruits 1 part, Mucuna pruriens seeds 1 part, Withania somnifera roots 1 part, Chlorophytum tuberosum 1 part

Dried root powder of Asparagus racemosus is helpful in increasing breast milk in nursing mothers. It also increases fertility. It is helpful in regulating hormonal secretion in woman. Shatavari root powder is used by men to cure nocturnal emission and increasing fertility.

Ashwagandha(Withania somnifera) root powder is a good rejuvenating tonic for reproductive system, especially for males. It is also known as Indian Ginseng. It improves sperm motility. It is also useful in oligospermia (increasing sperm count), poor sexual performance and helps to reduce infertility. Ashwagandha improves sexual potency and sperm production.

Gokhru fruit is used to treat various clinical conditions like sexual weakness in men, kidney dysfunction, urine problem, dysuria, Leucorrhoea (Shveta Pradar) etc. It helps in breaking and elimination of kidney stone from body. It also prevents recurrent stone formation. Gokhru also increases hormones secretion in body. It supports testosterone production and muscles building.

Musli(Chlorophytum tuberosum) is a great tonic and helpful in curing various problems related to male reproductive system like low sperm count, erectile dysfunction, weakness, premature ejaculation etc. It improves arousal and helps in sustained proper erection. Musli can be said to be substitute for Viagr.

Mucuna pruriens is best herbal medicine for parkinson's disease, it reduces stress, anxiety and increase stamina and sex drive libido, regularizes ovulation in women. It increases sperm count and very good for male fertility.

Uses of Shatavaryadi Churna

This formulation is completely medicinal herb based. It contains root powder of Shatavar and Ashwagandha;seeds of Kaunch and Gokhru;and Safed musli. All the ingredients are well known aphrodisiac and tonic. These are mixed and powdered. This fine blended powder is very nutritive. It rejuvenates body. For males, it improves sexual health and sperm quality. Shatavaryadi Churna is useful in curing Seminal problem, Premature ejaculation, Weakness of Sex organ, Low stamina etc.

Dosage of Shatavaryadi Churna

Shatavaryadi Churna should be taken in morning and an hour before sleeping, in dose of 3-6 grams with sugar mixed cow milk Or take as directed by physician.

Ajagandha is a medicinal plant that grows as weed throughout warmer part of India. Ayurvedic Materia Medica describes this plant as light (attribute);appetiser, cardiac tonic, Vata and Kapha hara. Some of the other common names of this plant are Tilaparni, Pashugandha, Ugragandha, and Thaivelai, Nalvelai (Tamil).

General Information

Botanical name:Gynandropsis gynandra (Linn.) Briq;Synonym G. pentaphylla DC.

Cleome gynandra Linn

Family:Capparidaceae

Vernacular names in India

• Sanskrit:Pasugandhi, Ajagandha
• Assamese:Bhutmulla
• Bengali:Hurhuria, Shulte
• English:Dog Mustard
• Gujarat:Talvani, Dhelitalavan
• Hindi:Hulhul, Hurhur, Kavalia
• Kannada:Naram bele Soppu, Nayeetulasi
• Kashmiri:Gandi Buti
• Malayalam:Atunari vela
• Marathi:Tilvan, Bhatvan, Mabli, Tilavana, Tilvant
• Oriya:Anasorisia, anasorisa, Hulhulia
• Punjabi:Bugra
• Tamil:Nal valai, Nal velai
• Telugu:Vaminta, Vayinta
• Unani:Hurhur, Hulhul
• Siddha:Kadugu

Some other common names:Wild Spider Flower, African spider-flower, cat whiskers, Bastard mustard

Plant description

Annual erect, herb up to 250-600 mm tall;much branched;Stem sticky with hairs;leaves:palmately compound, with 3-5 leaflets, leaf stalk is 20-50 mm long with glandular hairs;Inflorescence:terminal raceme, many-flowered, elongating in fruit;bract is 3-foliolate to simple above, flower stalk is 10-20 mm long with hairs;fruits:in 2 mm capsule form;seeds:seeds are brown, circular in outline, 1.5 mm in diameter;

Habitat:Throughout warmer part of India growing as weed in waste lands, grass lands;

Constituents of leaves

Carotenoids, Cardiac glycosides, Cyanogenic Glycosides, Flavonoids, Saponins, Triterpenes, sugars, Tannins etc.

Constituents of seeds

Fixed oil, essential oil and oleoresin

Properties and Action of seeds

Rasa:Katu

Guna:Laghu, Ruksha

Virya:Shita

Vipaka:Katu

Karma:Shulagna, Dipana, Hridya, Pittala, Vatahara

Ayurvedic Therapeutic Uses

Gulma or Any tumour, lump, Prostate enlargement, Worm infection, Kandu Pruritus, and Ear diseases

Medicinal uses of Ajagandha (Cleome gynandra)

Various parts of Ajagandha plant are used for medicinal purpose viz. leaves, seeds and roots. The recommended safe dosage of seed powder is 1-3 grams and leaf decoction 50-100 ml. Ayurvedic texts describes use of this plant for treatment of pain, swelling, fever, cough, asthma, skin and urinary diseases. Seed powder of this plant have carminative (relieves flatulence), antiseptic, and anthelmintic (destroy parasitic worms) properties. Leaves have anti-inflammatory and sudorific (causing sweating) properties. Traditionally few drops of leaves juice is put in ear to treat ear pain. Foe painful joints leaves and seeds poultice is used.

Kulathadi Kashayam is herbal Ayurvedic medicine. This medicine is useful in treatment of period irregularity. Kulathadi kashaya is is also helpful in detoxifying body and improving digestion. It pacifies aggravated Vata and Kapha, but increases pitta.

Here is given more about Kulathadi Kashayam such as indication/therapeutic uses, Key Ingredients and dosage.

Key Ingredients of Kulathadi Kashayam

Kulatha(Dolichos biflorus), Garlic(Alium cepa), Eranda(Ricinus communis), Til(Sesamum indicum)

Decoction or soup of Kulthi(Horsegram) is main ingredient of this medicine. It used in affections of the liver and spleen, intestinal colic, in leucorrhoea and menstrual disorders, urinary discharges. It is also a great protein supplement. The Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia of India recommends the decoction of dry seeds in calculus and amenorrhoea.

Garlic(Alium cepa) is very useful in regulation of menstruation and improves fertility.

Sesame is divine herb in many cutlers worldwide, used as health food and medicine this herb is used in all form of natural therapies.

Uses of Kulathadi Kashayam

Kulathadi Kashayam is indicated for treating period related problems. It is prescribed for irregular menstruation, Amenorrhoea and Polycystic ovarian syndrome PCOS. There are many other good Ayurvedic medicines to treat PCOS.

Dosage of Kulathadi Kashayam

The recommended dosage of Kulathadi Kashayam is 5-15 ml twice a day. Or as directed by physician.

Pachakola is group of fine pungent. These five pungents are Pippali, Pippalimula, Chavika, Chitrak and Sonth. Panchakola is good herbal combination for treating Agnimandya. Agni mandya means weakness of digestive power. Digestive power suppression leads to many diseases such as low appetite, indigestion, loss of taste, anorexia, gas etc.

Here is given more about Panchakola Churna such as indication/therapeutic uses, Key Ingredients and dosage.

Key Ingredients of Panchakola Choornam

Equal part of each of following herb

Pippali(Piper longum) &Pippli mula(Roots of Piper longum): The root of this plant is known as Pippali Mula in Ayurveda and its fruits (Spike) are mainly used for Rasayana purpose. Several biological activities like immunostimulatory, anti-ulcer, anti-amebic, anti-oxidant, hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory activities were reported on the fruit of this plant.

Cavya(Piper chaba): The root is alexiteric;useful in asthma, bronchitis, consumption. The fruit is pungent, thermogenic, anthelmintic, expectorant, carminative, improves appetite and taste and
also useful in asthma, bronchitis, fever, inflammation, piles, pain in the abdomen and at the anus. The fruit has stimulant and carminative properties, and is used in haemorrhoidal affections, Stem is used to alley post-delivery pain in mothers and also useful in rheumatic
pains and diarrhoea

Chitrak root(Plumbago zeylanica): Chitrak consists of dried mature root of Plumbago zeylanica Linn. It is a large perennial subscandent shrub, found throughout India in wild state and occasionally cultivated in gardens. Anti-cholesterol, anti-allergy, anti-inflammatory activity, anti-cancer, liver protective, anti-malarial properties. Powdered bark, root or leaves are used to treat gonorrhoea, syphilis, and tuberculosis and use of the roots boiled in milk as a remedy for inflammation of the mouth, throat and chest.

Sunthi (Zingiber officinale): Ginger is an old herbal medicine. Chinese healers recommended Ginger for different ailments: abdominal bloating, cough, diarrhea, rheumatism. Tibetan medical system considers Ginger to be helpful in treatment of various inflammatory joint diseases.

Uses of Panchakola Churna

Panchakola formulation effectively treats many common digestive system problems. It improves Appetite and digestive strength. This medicine cures abdominal gas, Spleen enlargement, Gulma, Kapha roga, Dyspepsia/Indigestion, Abdominal obstruction, etc.

Panchakola is also effective in curing Respiratory cough, Fever and Anorexia.

Dosage of Panchakola Churna

The recommended dosage of Panchakola Churna is 1-3 grams, twice or thrice a day. The Anupan (fluid vehicle or drink with medicine) for Panchakola Churna is or take as directed by physician.

Nilavembu Kudineer is a Siddha medicine prepared from various parts of medicinal herbs. It is a decoction of nine herbs which have fever reducing, analgesic, anti-inflammatory and anti-viral properties. Nilavembu or Andrographis panicultata is the principle ingredient of this decoction. It is also known as Kalmegh and Bhunimba. It is a bitter tonic and used traditionally for treating fever, liver problems, jaundice, respiratory illness etc.

The other ingredients of Nilavembu Kudineer are also used traditionally in the treatment of fever, inflammation, arthritis, gastric ulcer, jaundice and general debility conditions. So this whole combination can be used as preventive and curative measure for chikungunya, dengue and other viral fever.

Here is given more about Nilavembu Kudineer such as indication/therapeutic uses, Key Ingredients and dosage.

Key Ingredients of Nilavembu Kudineer

Nilavembu Kudineer contains equal proportion of whole plant of Andrographis paniculata (Nilavempu), heartwood of Santalum album(Chandanam), rhizomes of Zingiber officinale (Cukku), fruits of Piper nigrum(Milaku), tubers of Cyrerus rotundus (Koraikilangu), roots of Vetiveria zizanioides (Vettiver), whole plant of Hedyotis corymbosa, roots of Plectranthus vettiveroides and the whole plant of Trichosanthes cucumerina (Peipudal).

Uses of Nilavembu Kudineer

Nilavembu Kudineer/kashay/decoction is useful medicine to treat fevers such as Viral, malarial, chikungunya, dengue fever etc. Regular usage of this decoction is helpful in preventing recurrence of such viral fevers.

This medicine can be taken as preventive and curative medicine for viral fevers.

Dosage of Nilavembu Kudineer

The recommended dosage of Nilavembu Kudineer is 15-30 ml, twice a day. This medicine should be taken orally before meals. This decoction can be taken regularly as preventive measure against viral fevers (malaria, chikungunia) in epidemics. Or take as directed by physician.

Guggul or Guggulu is used for medicinal purpose from time immemorial. Atharva Veda describes guggulu in detail, about its actions, uses and indications as well as the varieties. The other treatises of Ayurveda, including Charaka Samhita (1000 BC), Sushruta Samhita (600 BC) and Vagbhata (7th century AD) describes about it. Guggulu is indicated in lowering cholesterol, reducing inflammation, healing of bone fractures, arthritis, gout, rheumatism, atherosclerosis, obesity and hyperlipidaemia.

There are numerous Ayurvedic medicine that contains this substance viz. Yograj Guggul, Pachamrit loh guggulu, Kaishore guggulu, Triphla gugglu, Simhanad Guggulu etc.

What is Guggulu

Guggulu is obtained from Indian Bdellium or Gum Guggul tree. It is an oleo gum resin exuded by plant during harsh summer. To obtain resin, circular incisions are made on the main stem. Through these incisions, aromatic fluid exudes that quickly solidifies to form a golden brown or reddish brown agglomerate. The dried resin has a bitter aromatic taste and a balsamic odour. This is guggulu which is used for medicinal purpose.

Botanical name:Balsamodendron mukul Hook. ex Stocks;Synonym Commiphora mukul (Hook. ex Stocks) Engl. Commiphora wightii (Arn.) Bhandari.

Family:Burseraceae

English:Indian Bdellium, Gum Guggul

Sanskrit:Guggul, Devadhoop, Kaushik, Pur, Mahishaksha, Palankash, Kumbha, Ulukhala

Assamese:Guggul, Bengali:Guggula

English:Gum-gugul, Indian Bdellium, guggulipid, Gujrati:Gugal, Guggal, Gugar

Hindi:Guggul, Kannada:Kanthagana, Guggala, Mahishaksha guggulu, Guggulugida, Guggulu, Guggal

Kashmiri:Guggul Dhoop, Kanth Gan, Malayalam:Gulgulu, Guggulu

Marathi:Guggul, Mahishaksh, Oriya:Guggulu

Punjabi:Guggal, Siddha/Tamil:Erumaikan Kungiliyam, Telugu:Makishakshi guggulu, Guggipannu

Unani:Muqallal yahood, Muql, Bu-e-Jahudaan,

Part Used:Resin

Habitat:Eastern Bengal, Mysore, Rajputana, Sindh, Assam, Berars, Khandesh

Energetics:Decreases Kapha and Vata but Increases Pitta

Properties of gum resin

bitter, acrid, astringent, thermo genic, aromatic, expectorant, digestive, anthelmintic, anti-inflammatory, anodyne, antiseptic, demulcent, carminative, emmenagogue, haematinic, diuretic, lithontriptic, rejuvenating and general tonic.

Constituents of guggulu

Essential oil, gum, resin, steroids

Ayurvedic action and properties

Rasa:Katu (pungent), Tikta, Kashaya

Guna:Laghu, Sara, Vasada

Virya:Ushna (hot)

Vipaka:Katu

Karma:Balya, Rasayana, Varnya, Vatabalasajit, Medohara

Balances:Vata, Pitta and Kapha

Ayurvedic uses of Guggul

Guggulu is anti-inflammatory, anti-rheumatic, anti-cholestrolaemic and anti-obesity. It is one of the best natural substance for treating arthritis, hyper-cholesterol, bronchitis, cystitis, debility, diabetes. It is also useful in reducing obesity.

In Ayurveda, guggulu is used to prepare large number of medicine that are indicated in treatment of Amavata (Arthritis), Kustha, Prameha, Vatavyadhi, Granthi, shotha (swelling), Gandmala, and Medo roga. It is considered Diyva Oushadi.

Guggul is one of the favourite Ayurvedic medicine indicated in treatment of rheumatism, gout, rheumatic arthritis, swollen and painful joints. Yograj guggulu or Mahayograj guggulu is used to treat rheumatic fever, rheumatic arthritis, and frozen shoulder. Simhanad guggulu is used to treat gout, sciatica and spondylitis. Chandraprabha vati is indicated in treatment of arthritis.

Guggulu is useful for treating diseases due to its following medicinal properties

• It improves iodine assimilation and activates thyroid function. Due to this property it is indicated in Gandmala treatment.
• It is useful drug to treat high cholesterol. It improve good cholesterol and lowers bad cholesterol in body.
• It breaks down clot and prevents platelet aggregation.
• It fights obesity and stimulates weight loss. Due to this property it is used in preparation of many weight loss medicines such as Himalaya Ayur slim capsules.
• It is a rasayana that stimulates regeneration of nerve tissues, bones and joints.
• It is an antiseptic and astringent. It is applied externally on wounds and ulcers for quick healing. It is applied as plaster after mixing with lime juice or cocunut oil in indolent ulcer. Its gargle is useful in spongy gums, tooth cavity, chronic tonsilitis and pharyngitis.
• It improves digestion and appetite. It is warming in nature and produces sensation of warmth in the stomach on oral intake.
• It increases leucocytes and stimulates phagocytosis.
• It uterine stimulant and helps in regulating menstruation.

Medicinal uses of Guggulu

Guggul is used as single drug and also as combination drug. You can use it to treat many ailment such as skin diseases, anaemia, liver disease, respiratory illness, digestive problems, ulcers, wounds and obesity.

Here is given how to use guggul as home remedy to treat some common ailments.

High cholesterol and triglyceride levels, Skin disease, Liver problems

Guggul has blood purifying and rejuvenating properties. It detoxifies body and helps in curing skin diseases which occurs due to accumulation of toxins. Guggul improves body immunity and regulates lipid level. It is a natural product to reduce cholesterol and triglyceride levels.

For treating these ailments you will need guggul, honey and lime juice. Take one gram or one fourth teaspoon of guggul powder with honey and lime juice once a day, in morning empty stomach.

Anorexia, loss of appetite, indigestion

Guggul is hot in potency and stimulates bile production. It is very helpful in improving metabolism and digestion. For treating digestive troubles, one gram or one fourth teaspoon of guggul powder should be taken with fifty ml water, half an hour before having meal.

Obesity

Guggul is used in Ayurveda for weight-loss. It does so by increasing the body’s metabolic activity (by improving thyroid function);increasing the body’s fat-burning activity;and augmenting thermogenesis (heat production). It increases levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and lowers serum low-density lipoprotein and very low-density lipoprotein (LDL and VDRL). Clinical studies have shown decrease in total cholesterol up to 30% in 12 weeks and a reduction of LDL by 35% and increase in HDL by 20% in 3 months.

For weight loss, one gram of guggul should be taken with hot water 3-4 times a day.

Ulcers, wound

Guggulu is used topically to treat ulcers and wounds. It is mixed in coconut oil and applied on the affected skin area.

Weak and spongy gums, pyorrhoea, ulcerated throat, teeth cavity

Guggulu has antiseptic and astringent properties. You can use it to treat oral problems such as gum weakness, sponginess, pyorrhoea etc. For this purpose dissolve two grams of guggulu in a glass of warm water and use this as mouth wash and gargle.

Guggul is natural product and can be taken safely for long time without side-effects. It has been used safely in clinical trials for up to 6 months. Some evidence also suggests it can be used safely up to one-two years. Since guggul stimulates blood flow in menstruation, decreases size of uterus, ovary (in lab test on rats, ) so its use should be avoided during pregnancy. Guggul affects thyroid function so use cautiously in underactive or overactive thyroid.

Abha Guggulu is polyherbal Ayurvedic medicine. Its preparation and administration are described in Bhaisajya Ratnavali. The main ingredients of this medicine are Abha and Guggul. Abha is Ayurvedic name of babul or Acacia arabica. The stem bark of babbula is used in preparation of this medicine. The other ingredients are Triphala, Trikatu and ghee. For preparing Abha Guggulu, one part of each of Babul bark, triphala and trikatu are taken. These are pounded with seven part guggulu and ghee. Then pills of size 500 mg are rolled. Here is given more about Abha Guggulu such as indication/therapeutic uses, Key Ingredients and dosage.

Key Ingredients of Abha Guggul

Babula Twak Acacsia Arabica 1 part, Triphala 1 Part, Trikatu 1 Part, Guggulu 7 parts, Ghrita – Q.S

Uses of Abha Guggul

Abha Guggulu is indicated in fractures and sprain. Its intake helps in better healing of fracture. Abha Guggulu has significant anti-inflammatory and pain relieving effects. It gives relief in swelling, pain and other symptoms. It treats related disorders such as fever, urine retention, difficult berating etc.

Dosage of Abha Guggul

Abha Guggulu is a highly effective medicine for relieving pain and swelling due to fracture. The recommended dosage of Abha Guggul is 2-4 tablets twice a day for 15 to 45 days. The Anupan (fluid vehicle or drink with medicine) for Abha Guggul is hot water or milk. Or take as directed by physician.

Sesamum indicum seed oil has high stability due to the presence of high levels of natural antioxidants. Sesame oil has great therapeutic value. Both externally and internally. It is edible and used for medicinal purpose since Vedic period. The word Taila is derived from its Sanskrit name Tila.

Overview

Sesame is one of the oldest oil crop that is cultivated in various parts of the world. In India, it is cultivated in Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Orissa, Gujarat, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, and Maharashtra. Sesame is an annual crop that attain height between 1.6 and 3.3 ft. Its seeds are small in size, oval in shape and slightly flattened. These are rich in oil and contains about 35 - 57 % oil depending on variety. For oil extraction purpose, roasted and unroasted seeds are used. In India, traditional way to extract oil from seed is using Ghani. Ghani is big traditional pestle and mortar is driven by bullocks. Unroasted clean and dehulled seeds are milled and filtered to get the oil. Commercially oil is extracted using cold hydraulic presses.

Common Names

• Botanical name: Sesamum indicum
• Synonyms: S. mulayanum N. C. Nair, S. orientale L.
• Family: Pedaliaceae
• English: Sesame oil or Gingelly oil
• Ayurvedic: Til taila
• Siddha: Nallennai, Nallenney

Composition of Sesame oil

There are many varieties of sesame viz. black, white, brown etc. So the sesame oil composition differs depending on variety, size, origin, colour of seed.

This oil has less than 20% saturated fatty acid, mainly palmitic (7.9-12%) and stearic (4.8-6.1%) acids. Oleic acid (35-50%) and linoleic acid (35-50%) constitute more than 80% of the total fatty acids in sesame oil.

Composition of Fatty Acids in Sesame Oil

Nutritional Value per 100 gm

Health benefits of Til Taila or Sesame oil

In Ayurveda, Til or sesame oil is considered best among all vegetable oils. For medicinal purpose black til oil is mainly recommended. Good quality sesame oil can be used both internally and externally. It is one of the best oil that can be applied on Vata Vyadhis such as arthritis, rheumatism, joint swelling and similar conditions. Its internal use is great for improving health, iron level, controlling cholesterol, managing heart diseases, and improving strength. As per Ayurveda, it is bitter (Rasa: tiktha), heavy, oily, easily penetrable (Guna: guru, snigdha, sookshma), hot (Virya: ushna), digestive and gives strength. Sesame oil decreases vata and increases pitta. It gives strength, nutrition, intelligence, digestive power, helps the skin, detoxifies uterus, and has antioxidant properties.

• This oil can be used for salad dressing, cooking and massaging. Its external massage is good for skin, hair and joints.
• Sesame oil or Til oil is very good for skin. It is an antioxidant and a good moisturiser. For skin dryness it is an excellent medicine.
• This oil is used for body massage as it contains vitamin E and penetrates skin easily.
• This oil is good for scalp and foot massage. Its regular application in hairs cures dryness and prevents premature hair greying. It is also applied on scalp in headaches and migraine.
• This oil is rich in minerals (copper, calcium, zinc, iron). Calcium and zinc are good for bones. Copper gives relief in arthritis, gout. Magnesium supports respiratory and vascular health. Its oral consumption improves bone health.
• This oil is good for heart. It can be used as cooking oil to reduce high blood pressure and to lower the amount of medication needed to control hypertension. It increases good cholesterol and decreases bad cholesterol.
• This oil is antioxidant and its oral use helps to prevent free radical damage of cells. Free radicle damage of cells causes many types of diseases.
• This oil reduces stress, depression and anxiety on consumption. It also strengthens nerve and bones due to presence of minerals. It improves blood circulation on external and internal use.
• Sesame oil has purgative action. It cures constipation.

Medicinal Uses of Sesame oil

Oral administration of sesame oil give protection against many diseases. These health beneficial effects are due to presence of Alkaloid, Saponin, Flavonoid, Tannin, Phenols and Minerals. Here is given how these phytochemical affects health in positive way.

• Terpenoid presence gives this oil antibacterial and anti-diabetic properties. Terpenoid are also helpful in reducing blood sugar and blood pressure.
• Alkaloids are central nervous system stimulants, topical anaesthetics in ophthalmology, powerful pain relievers and have anti-itch action.
• Flavonoids and phenols give it antioxidant properties. Due to presence of phenols and flavonoids in this oil, it is good for heart and helpful in managing heart diseases. Flavonoids give protection against diseases by contributing to the total antioxidant defence system of the human body.
• Sesame oil contains saponins which are anti-oxidant, anti-cancer and immunity booster. These are helpful in lowering bad cholesterol and raising good cholesterol. Saponins stimulate antibody production and induce the response of white blood cells to fight infections. Saponins are also responsible for reducing cholesterol levels by forming complexes with cholesterol and bile acids. This prevent cholesterol absorption in small intestine, which lowers the cholesterol level in the blood and liver.
• Tannin present in oil make it antibacterial, antiviral, and astringent.
• Sesame oil also contains minerals viz. zinc, iron, potassium, sodium, copper, lead and manganese. The concentration is iron is highest among the various mineral present in oil. This makes sesame oil good source of iron. After iron, zinc is the most abundant mineral. This oil can be taken as zinc, copper and manganese supplement. The mineral sodium and potassium are present in least amount.

Sesame oil has laxative properties. So it should not be used during diarrhoea or loose motion. It should not be used by a person who suffers from sesame seed allergy.

Broncap is an ayurvedic formulation for prompt relief from cough and asthma without any side effects such as palpitation, drowsiness, sedation, etc associated with many Broncho-dilators. It is a non-steroidal indigenous formulation based on edible herbs which is used as spices in Indian cooking. It is very effective and safe medicine for Bronchial asthma and other diseases of the respiratory tract.

Condition in which Broncap is indicated

Bronchial Asthma, Allergic Bronchitis, Bronchiectasis, Whooping Cough, Dry & Wet Cough, Eosinophilia, Laryngitis and in Allergic Rhinitis as an adjuvant, Flu, common cold, Phlegm congestion in the lungs.

Properties which makes Broncap effective

As all ingredients of this medicine is herbal, it is safe to use and has no side effects if consumed in prescribed dosage. Most of the it’s ingredients are used in many ayurvedic medicines and spices.

• Effective medicine for relieving Bronchial congestion and treats Bronchial Asthama
• Due to it’s herbal ingredients it promotes expectoration without nausea or vomiting.
• It has no known side effects as 100% natural and organic.
• There is steroidal combination in this medicine
• It is an effective Ayurvedic Herbal powder in convenient capsules form.

Key Ingredients each 500 mg contains

• 47 mg Dried leaves of Talisapatram(Abies webbiana). It is very effective herb found in eastern Himalaya to treat cough, asthma, flatulence, colic, bronchitis, dyspepsia, diarrhea, hoarseness, hiccough, epilepsy, vomiting, fever and emaciation.
• 22 mg Karpooradi Choornam medicine is very effective in different types of cough and asthma. It’s key ingredients are herbs such as karpoor, jaiphal, dalchini, elaichi, jeera etc which are good for respiratory as well as digestive problems.
• 35 mg Turmeric(Curcuma longa) powder, Turmeric is anti aging, anti oxidant, anti inflammatory, and anti bacterial. It very effective for arthritis pain, improvement of liver function, lowering cholesterol, mouth ulcers, cold, cough, fever, swelling and as fairness treatment medicine.
• 35 mg Jeera(Cuminum cyminum) powder
• 35 mg Mustak(Cyperus rotundus)
• 35 mg Sugandha Maricha(Cubeba officinalis)
• 47 mg Madhuka( Glycyrrhiza glabra) It is commonly known as mulethi and liquorice and one of the widely used herb in Ayurvedic medicines. It is used as Ayurvedic remedy to treat Cold and Cough, Upper respiratory infections.
• 47 mg Flower powder of Nagakesara(Mesua ferrea )
• 35 mg Maricha(Piper nigrum):It is communally known as Black Pepper and one of the most valuable herbs in Ayurvedic medicine system and other medicine system. This is effective alone to treat various types of cough and other health problems.
• 35 mg Pippali(Piper longum):It is commonly known as all spice and used to treat various illness including cold and cough. Long pepper is antioxidant, decongestant, carminative, expectorant, warming, analgesic, and detoxifier.
• 22 mg Swarnamakshika Bhasma
• 35 mg Harithaki( Terminalia chebula):Haritaki is a useful drug to treat flatulence, constipation, diarrhoea, dysentery, cyst, digestive disorders, vomiting, enlarged liver and spleen, cough and bronchial asthma.
• 35 mg Methika(Trigonella foenum graeceum )
• 35 mg Dried Ginger(Zingiber officinale) powder, it decreases vata, kapha and increases pitta in body. It is good for heart, head, respiratory system and digestive system.

Dosage of Broncap Capsule

One or Two Capsules thrice daily depending on the intensity, morning dose is preferable in the early hours before 7.00 AM or as directed by the physician.

Cinnamon is a commonly used aromatic spice with medicinal properties. It is also known as Dalchini (Hindi) and Twak (Sanskrit). This medicinal herb can be used in treatment and prevention of many common ailments such as acne, pimples, cough, and digestive troubles. Cinnamon is obtained from many species of tree belonging to family Lauraceae. Cinnamon tree is evergreen and about 6-8 m high. The bark of tree is collected during April-July and October-December. In India, cinnamon trees are cultivated on the Western Ghats and adjoining hills.

Names of Cinnamon

Botanical name: Cinnamomum zeylanicum

Synonym: Cinnamomum verum Persl., Cinnamomum cassia Blume.

Family: Lauraceae

Vernacular names

• Sanskrit:Tvak, Tamalparta
• English:Cinnamon, Ceylon Cinnamon
• Hindi, Bengali, Marathi, Gujarati:Dalchini
• Punjabi:Dalchini, Darchini
• Ayurvedic:Tvak/Twak, Darusita Daruchini
• Siddha:Elavangappattai
• Kannada:Dalchini Chakke
• Malayalam:Karuvapatta, Ilavarngathely
• Oriya:Dalechini, Guda twak
• Tamil:Lavangapattai, Karuvapattai, Ilayangam
• Telugu:Lavangapatta, Dalchini chekka, Lavanagamu
• Urdu:Darchini
• French:Cammelle
• Spanish:canela

Cinnamon tree

Cinnamon tree has deeply veined ovate leaves. The leaves are dark green underneath. Bark and leaves of tree are aromatic. The flowers are small yellowish to white in colour and have unpleasant odour. The tree also bears dark purple berries. The tree grows to a height of 6-8 meters. The inner bark of tree is collected and used as spice.

Constituents of Cinnamon bark

Essential oil, tannin and mucilage.

The major constituent of essential oil (about 75%) is Cinnamaldehyde.

Cinnamaldehyde reduces blood pressure, relieves spasm of muscles, and increases peripheral blood flow.

Ayurvedic Properties and Action on body

Cinnamon or dalchini is pungent, sweet and astringent. It is hot in potency. It increases Pitta but decreases vata and Kapha. It promotes digestion and cures indigestion.

Rasa:Madhura, Katu (pungent), Tikta

Guna:Laghu (light), Ruksha (Dry), tikshna (sharp)

Veerya:Ushna (Hot)

Vipaka:Katu

Medicinal Properties of Cinnamon Bark

In Ayurveda, Cinnamon or Twak is considered kapha-Vata dosh har. Its oral intake reduces Kapha and vata;stimulates digestion;expels abdominal gas;and exhibits expectorant action. Cinnamon has carminative, antiseptic and astringent properties.

Dalchini is also used in preparation of Ayurvedic medicines which are used to treat digestive and respiratory ailments. Important formulation of Ayurveda that contain this medicinal spice are Sitopaladi churna, Chaturjat Churna and Vyaghri Haritaki.

Home Remedies of Cinnamon

Cinnamon is a useful medicinal spice. You can use it as home remedy to treat many common ailments. Here is given, how to use dalchini for treatment of cough, diarrhoea, acne, tastelessness, sleeplessness etc.

Cold and cough

1. Mix pinch of cinnamon powder with 1 spoon of honey and take it 3 times a day to relive cough.
2. Prepare tea by boiling half teaspoon ginger, 1/4 teaspoon cinnamon powder and one clove in one cup water. Boil for few minutes. Filter and add honey. Drink hot few times a day.
3. Take 2-3 grams of cinnamon powder with honey, two times a day.

Diarrhoea, loose motion

1. For diarrhoea treatment, cinnamon or dalchini is taken with sonth, jeerak and honey. Take equal amount of powdered ginger, cumin seeds and Dalchini. Make a thick paste by adding honey. Eat 1 teaspoon of it three times a day.
2. Take 3 gm cinnamon powder with water two times a day.

Loss of taste:Make a paste of honey and dalchini. Rub this paste on tongue and keep for few minutes.

Tooth ache:Mix cinnamon powder and honey in 1:5 ratio and apply at area of tooth ache

For hair fall:Mix cinnamon powder and honey with warm olive oil and apply on scalp and wash after 15 minutes.

Bad breadth:Chew cinnamon or boil cinnamon powder one teaspoon in 150 ml water and use as mouthwash.

Acne and black heads:Mix cinnamon with lemon juice and apply on acne and black heads.

Improving complexion:Mix honey and cinnamon powder and apply on face. Keep on face till it dries. Wash with plain water.

Memory improvement:Mix 1 gram cinnamon powder and honey. Take this every night.

Hoarseness and aphonia:Take a glass of water add cinnamon powder and black pepper, boil it and take with honey.

Insomnia or sleeplessness:Boil 2 grams cinnamon powder in one cup water for five minutes. Add honey and drink before going to bed.

Arthritis pain:Take 1 tbs cinnamon powder with 2/3 water and 1/3 honey and make paste and apply at place of pain.

Impaired or weak digestion:Cinnamon is a very good remedy for treating digestive problems. For treating digestive weakness oral intake of Cinnamon power in dose of 2-3 grams is useful.

Cinnamon tea is very good for overall health. This tea can be used as wash to prevent and cure fungal infections such as athlete’s foot.

Cinnamon is hot in potency so it should be taken in recommended dosage (1-3 grams) only. It should be used cautiously in bleeding disorders and excessive Pitta.

Fenugreek is a very well-known food item. It is native of South Eastern Europe and West Asia. In India it is cultivated in Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Punjab and Karnataka. Its leaves are eaten as vegetable. The green leaves are rich in fibre and relieves constipation. A poultice prepared from leaves is also applied externally on burns and inflammation. The seeds are used in kitchen as condiment. Fenugreek is known as Methi (Hindi), Venthayam (Siddha) and Hulba (Unani). There are several health benefits of fenugreek. The fresh leaves are good for digestive system and useful in treating indigestion and liver problems. The leaves in form of paste are applied on scalp for promoting hair growth and curing dandruff.

Credit of Image:Fenugreek seeds CC BY-SA 3.0By Sanjay Acharya - Own Work

Botanical name of fenugreek plant is Trigonella foenum-graecum Linn. and belongs to Fabaceae/Papilionaceae family.

• Kingdom:Plantae
• Division:Magnoliophyta
• Class:Magnoliopsida
• Order:Fabales
• Family:Fabaceae
• Genus:Trigonella
• Species:T. foenum-graecum
• Botanical name:-Trigonella foenum-graecum

There are two species of the genus Trigonella viz. Trigonella foenum graecum (common methi) and Trigonella corniculata (Kasuri methi).

Fenugreek plant is an annual herb, 30-60 cm in height. The leaves are light green, pinnately trifoliate. Flowers are white or yellowish white and axillary. Fruits are legumes, 5-7.5cm long, narrow, curved, tapering with a slender point and containing 10-20 deeply furrowed seeds per pod.

Vernacular names

Hindi, Gujarati, Marathi, Punjabi, Urdu:Methi;Tamil:Mentiyam;Kannada:Mente, Menthe;Malayalam:Uluva;Telugu:Mentulu;

Fenugreek Seeds or Methi daana constituents

Fenugreek seeds are bitter, mucilaginous, aromatic, carminative, tonic, diuretic, thermogenic (warming), galactagogue (stimulates breast milk), astringent (constricts tissues), emollient, anti-rheumatic, CNS depressant and anti-implantation. When dry seeds are soaked in water they become mucilaginous. The seeds contains several Alkaloid, Saponins and Mucilage.

Alkaloids: Trimethylamine, Neurin, Trigonelline, Choline, Gentianine, Carpaine and Betain.

Amino acids: Isoleucine, 4-Hydroxyisoleucine, Histidine, Leucine, lysine, L-tryptophan, Argenine.

Saponins: Graecunins, fenugrin B, fenugreekine, trigofoenosides A-G.

Steroidal sapinogens: Yamogenin, diosgenin, smilagenin, sarsasapogenin, tigogenin, neotigogenin, gitogenin, neogitogenin, yuccagenin, saponaretin.

Flavonoids: Quercetin, rutin, vetixin isovetixin.

Fibers: Gum, neutral detergent. fiber

Other: Coumarin, lipids, vitamins, minerals;Mucilage 28%;proteins 22%;fixed oil 5%.

Ayurvedic Properties and Action on body

As per Ayurveda, fenugreek seeds have following properties.

Rasa:Tikta

Guna:snigdha (unctuous)

Veerya:Ushna (hot)

Vipaka:Katu

Action on body: Fenugreek seeds are dipana. Deepan means digestive stimulant that improves digestive fire and helps in better digestion.

Seeds are useful in reducing vitiated Kapha dosha and Vata dosha. Kapha can be understood as mucous with qualities such as heavy, cold, moist, static, smooth and soft.

Scientifically proven activities of Fenugreek seeds

Antidiabetic and hypoglycaemic effect: Fenugreek seeds have blood sugar lowering effect. This may be due to presence of various phytochemicals (galactomannan-rich soluble fiber, amino acid 4-hydroxyisoleucine) in seeds. The amino acid present in seeds causes direct pancreatic ?-cell stimulation. A study of alloxan-induced diabetic mice has shown that the hypoglycaemic activity of dialysed fenugreek seed extract was comparable to that of insulin.

Demulcent: The aqueous extract of fenugreek seeds has demulcent (relieving inflammation or irritation) properties. In an experiment done on rats, it promoted healing of gastric ulcers. It also exhibited a smooth muscle relaxing effect in rabbits without affecting either the heart or blood pressure.

Blood cholesterol lowering: The oral intake of fenugreek seeds reduces cholesterol level. This may be due to interaction of saponins and bile acids, resulting in formation of large micelles which are not absorbed in digestive tract, this further results in increased faecal bile acid and cholesterol excretion.

Blood lipids lowering: The fibrous fraction of seeds causes a reduction in blood lipids.

Seeds also possess Anticancer, Anti-Inflammatory, Antiseptic, Aphrodisiac, Astringent, Emollient, Expectorant, Anthelmintic, Wound healing, Gastro protective and Antioxidant properties. World Health Organisation WHO recommends use of fenugreek seeds in adjuvant therapy for diabetes mellitus, anorexia, also in hypercholesterolemia (excess of cholesterol in the bloodstream).

Medicinal uses of Fenugreek seeds(Methi Daana)

Fenugreek seeds are used in diabetes, high cholesterol, loss of appetite, flatulence, dyspepsia, colic, diarrhoea, dysentery, enlargement of liver and spleen. The seeds have galactagogue effect and used for increasing breast milk. These are also given puerperal tonic.

Home remedies of Methi for treatment of diseases

Diabetes:Diabetes is a metabolic disorder that causes rise in blood sugar level and lipid level (hyperlipidemia). Fenugreek has both hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. Scientific study has observed significant decrease in serum triglyceride and cholesterol in hyperlipidaemic patients when treated with fenugreek seed powder.

Fenugreek is very effective in controlling diabetes as it seeds works in diabetes by stimulating synthesis or secretion of insulin from pancreatic cells. Hypocholesterolaemic (Cholesterol reducing effect) activity of fenugreek seeds may be due to its insulin mimetic activity.

For reducing cholesterol:For reducing serum cholesterol level, take methi seeds and soak in water at night. Eat these soaked seeds two times a day.

Controlling high blood pressure:For high blood pressure management take fenugreek seeds and Anethum sowa (dill seeds) in equal amount. Grind them and make a fine powder. Take this powder in dose of two teaspoonful twice a day with fresh water.

Allergic rhinitis: Fenugreek seeds are dry in nature and hot in potency. These are helpful in reducing mucous. In cold, cough, hay fever and other similar conditions, soak fenugreek seeds in water for few hours. Then boil in water and drink hot, two times a day.

Diarrhoea, loose motion, dysentery: For diarrhoea treatment, fry dried seeds and make powder. Take 1 teaspoonful of this powder with honey, 2-3 times a day.

Asthma:For asthma, first boil the seeds. Then grind them to make paste. Add honey and take twice a day. Take for one month.

Arthritis, joint pain, keeping joints fit: The seeds have anti-rheumatic properties. Methi seed powder when taken in dose of 6 grams twice a day, with water, gives relief in joint pain.

Hair growth, preventing hair fall, dandruff: Prepare paste of methi leaves and apply on scalp.

How to eat fenugreek

Fenugreek or methi can be consumed in many ways. The leaves can be cooked as vegetable. Paratha can be made by kneading methi leaves in atta. The seeds can be powdered and taken in dose of 6 grams. The seeds can be sprouted and chewed as salad. Fenugreek tea can be prepared with seeds.

Tea prepared from fenugreek seeds is good for stomach related problems and respiratory tract infections. In early stage of respiratory infections (bronchitis, flu, sinusitis, catarrh, pneumonia), fenugreek tea causes sweating, helps body to fight better against infection and shortens duration of illness.

You can also make paratha from fenugreek fresh leaves as children refuse to eat it in form of vegetable. So try this methi paratha recipe. You and your kids will sure like it.

Side effects and Caution for Oral intake of fenugreek

Fenugreek is safe to use and exhibits no side effects when taken in proper therapeutic dosages. But in some individuals, it increase the risk of bleeding. It is contraindicated in pregnancy due to its oxytocic and uterine stimulant actions. Oxytocic means a drug that induces labour by stimulating contractions of the muscles of the uterus. Traditionally, seeds are used for easy delivery.

Fenugreek should be avoided by individuals with peanut allergies. Since fenugreek seeds contain several pharmacologically active constituents, so eat it in recommended doses and avoid excessive intake.

Coccinia indica is botanical name of Ivy Gourd. It is also known as Kundru (Hindi), Kovai (Siddha) and Bimbi, Bimbaka (Sanskrit). This plant is native to Central Africa, India and Asia. In India, it is cultivated in Assam, West Bengal, Bihar, Orissa, Maharashtra, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. The fruits of this plant are eaten as vegetable throughout the country. In traditional medicine system whole plant of Ivy gourd is used for treatment of many common ailments. It is a folk medicine for diabetes. In Ayurveda, it is used for treatment of cough, respiratory illness, fever, burning sensation, swelling, and anaemia.

Credit of Image:Ivy Gourd CC BY-SA 3.0

• Scientific Classification
• Kingdom:Plantae
• Division:Magnoliophyta
• Class:Magnoliophyta
• Order:Cucurbitales
• Family:Cucurbitaceae
• Genus:Coccinia
• Species:Indica
• Botanical name:Coccinia indica W. & A.

Synonym:C. cordifolia Cogn. Cephalandra indica Naud

Family:Cucurbitaceae

Vernacular names

Assam:Kawabhaturi;Bengali:Bimbu, Telakucha, English:Ivy-Gourd, Scarlet-fruited gourd, tindora, kovai fruit, Gujarati:Kadavighilodi, Ghilodi, Hindi:Kundaruki-Bel;Kannada:Tonde-Balli, Malayalam:Kova, Nallakova, Marathi:Tondale, Oriya:Pitakundii, Kainchikakudi;Punjabi:Kanduri, Tamil:Kovai, Telugu:Donda Tiga, Urdu:Kunduru, Chinese:hong gua, Danish:skariagenagurk

Medicinal uses of Ivy-Gourd

Whole plant of Coccinia Indica is used for medicinal purpose. The leaves, fruit and roots show anti-diabetic effect.

Plant leaves are used to treat ring worms, scabies, sinuses, UTI and respiratory ailments. Leaves have cooling effect on body and causes sweating which helps to reduce fever.

Plant stem has anti-spasmodic, expectorant and anti-diabetic action on body. The fruits are eaten as vegetable and useful in curing tongue sores. In traditional medicine system whole plant is used to treat variety of ailments. The fruits are useful in biliousness and diseases of blood. The leaves paste is applied externally on skin diseases. The leaves are boiled in til oil and applied on ringworm, psoriasis and itch.

Diabetes Management using Kunduru or Kovai

Coccinia indica is used in Ayurveda and Siddha for treatment of diabetes. It has blood sugar lowering effect on body. For lowering blood sugar, various parts of plant viz. root, fruit, leaves and stem are used. The juice of root/ leaves/fruits are given in doses of 6 teaspoonful, thrice a day. Or chew two raw Kovai fruits.

The active principle (with Insulin like activity) which is responsible for anti-diabetic effect is slow acting. So the visible effect is obtained only after a month of treatment. Therefore for controlling high sugar level and high lipid level in blood use this for longer duration.

Laxative

Laxative or purgative are medicines that stimulates evacuation of bowel.

For this purpose, the root bark powder of plant is given in doses of 2 teaspoonful before going to bed with hot water.

Sores on tongue

The green fruits of plant are used for treating tongue sores. Chewing fruits helps to get relief from tongue sores.

Itches, skin abscesses, insect stings

The leaves are grinded to make paste. This paste is applied externally on affected area.

Excess body heat

In case of excessive body heat, extract five teaspoon juice of ivy-gourd leaves and drink with a glass of water, thrice a day for three days.

Urine Blockage

Take 2 teaspoon root and boil in 150 ml water till volume reduces to half. Filter and drink.

Jatamansi is an extensively used medicinal herb of Ayurveda. Its botanical name is Nardostachys jatamansi and belongs to family Velirenaceace. This medicinal herb is found in sub-alpine Himalayan tracts at height of 3, 000-5, 000 feet and also in Nepal, Bhutan, and Sikkim. For medicinal purpose root rhizomes are used. In Ayurveda, the root powder of Jatamansi is used as neuroprotective, stimulant, antispasmodic, antipyretic, and antioxidant. It is recommended for treatment of various neuropsychiatric illnesses and excessive thirst.

Latin name: Nardostachys jatamansi (Jones) DC., Patrina jatamansi (Jones) D. Don, Valerianawallichii DC.

Sanskrit: Mansi, Jatamaansi, Bhutajata, Tapasvini, Jatila, Nalada Hindi:Jatamashi, Balchar

English: Muskroot Indian Spikenard Assamese:Jatamansi, Jatamangshi Bengali:Jatamamsi English:Nardus root Gujrati:Baalchad, Kalichad Hindi:Balchara Kannada:Bhootajata, Ganagila maste Kashmiri:Bhutijata Malayalam:Manchi, Jatamanchi Marathi:Jatamansi Oriya:Jatamansi Punjabi:Billilotan, Balchhar, Chharguddi Tamil:Jatamanji Telugu:Jatamams Urdu:Sumbul-ut-teeb, Baalchad

Part Used: Rhizome, rhizome oil

Plant description: an erect perennial herb about 10-60 cm in height, with long stout, rhizomes root. The radical leaves are elongated and spathulated, while few cauline leaves are sessile, oblong or sub-ovate. Flowers are rosy in dense cymes, with pale pink or blue in coloration.

Jatamansi is a tonic and used for treatment of wide variety of ailments. It is useful in treatment of diseases related to nervous system, heart, gastric disorders, seminal debility etc. Jatamansi is safe to use if used appropriately. Root powder infusion of Jatamansi is useful in the management of mental disorders, insomnia, and disorder of the blood and circulatory system.

Ayurvedic Properties

The roots of Jatamansi plant are bitter, sweet, astringent-cold-pungent and balances all three doshas. On oral administration, the root powder works on blood and nerves. The main effect is on circulatory, nervous, digestive, respiratory and reproductive system.

Rasa (Taste):Tikta/Bitter, kashaya/Astringent

Guna (Characteristics):Laghu/Light

Virya (Potency):Sheet/ Cool, Calm

Vipaka (Post Digestive Effect):Katu/Pungent

Effects on Tridoshas (Humor):Pacifies all the three doshas.

Action on body

Jatamansi is nervine, tonic, Hypnotic, CNS-Depressant, Sedative, Tranquilizer, carminative, deobstruent, Aphrodisiac, decreases the heart rate and hence used as antihypertensive. The root oil is applied on hairs for growth and blackness of hairs.

Medicinal uses in Ayurveda

Herbs are great gift from god. These are completely natural and easily available. Numerous studies supports the traditional medicinal uses of herbs. Here are given few remedies that can be done at home for treatment of diseases.

Heart palpitation, Convulsion, Hysteria, Nervousness

Jatamansi has blood pressure lowering effect. It is also possess Tranquilizing and sedative effect on brain. So this medicinal herb is mainly indicated in treatment of nerves, brain and heart ailments. For management of hysteria, convulsive affections, palpitation of heart and in intestinal colic the infusion of root powder is taken few times a day.

For this purpose take one-fourth teaspoon of root powder and make infusion in five glass water. Filter this and drink one cup three times a day.

Hyperpigmentation

Jatamansi is also indicated in skin diseases. It is used externally on affected skin area. For hyperpigmentation, mix root powder with neem oil and apply on affected area.

Hair problems such as poor growth, premature hair greying

Jatamansi oil is a useful medicated oil which is applied topically to treat hair related problem. For making medicated oil of Jatamansi, take one part root powder and 10 part coconut oil. Prepare the oil and apply externally on hairs.

Hypertension, Memory loss

Hypertension is a condition of elevated blood pressure. Jatamansi has hypotensive effect and hence used for treatment of high BP. For this purpose take one pinch of root powder and mix in one cup hot water. Drink this infusion 2-3 times a day.

Burning sensation, pain

Prepare a root paste and apply externally on body.

Safe recommended doses of Jatamansi root:Root powder 2-3 g, 5-10 g for infusion, 50-100 ml infusion.

Carrot is a well-known vegetable cultivated throughout India. It is native to Europe and the Mediterranean region. Carrot plant has very fleshy roots which we eat raw or cooked. In traditional medicine system carrot is used for treatment of diseases. It increases pitta and decreases Vata and Kapha . The roasted roots are indicated for heart palpitation. Carrot has diuretic action that causes more urine production and thus helps body to get rid of uric acid. The roots, seeds are used for treatment of many diseases. Pharmacological studies confirms hepatoprotective (liver protective), hypoglycemic (blood glucose lowering effect) and gastroprotective activity of carrot roots.

Botanical name: Daucus carota Linn

Family: Umbelliferae;Apiaceae

Hindi- Gajar, Gajra Tamil-Manjal Mullangi, Gajjara Kilangu Telugu-Gajaragade Kannada-Gajjari Malayalam-Karattu

Health benefits of Carrot

There are several health benefits of carrot eating. Carrots are good for liver, kidney and digestive system. It has ability to detoxify body. Carrot is good source of Vitamin A (good for your eyes and skin), C (boost immunity and promotes wound healing and collagen formation) and K (helps in blood clotting).

This root vegetable cures constipation due to its fibre content. Fibre also help to lower bad cholesterol and promotes digestion. Eating one cup sliced carrots will give Sodium 84mg, Total Carbohydrate 12g, Dietary Fibre 3g, Sugars 6g and protein 1g. It will also give 400% of Vitamin A, 12% of Vitamin C, 4% of Calcium 4% and 2% of Iron required daily by a person.

Regular eating of carrot is beneficial in rickets, colitis, gout, constipation, worms (eaten raw), arthritis, skin disorders, oedema, jaundice, chronic hepatitis, heart disease, colon disorders, constipation, piles, indigestion etc. The seeds of carrot exhibits anti-fertility and abortifacient (induce abortion) effect.

Protection against Ulcer

Carrot protects gastric mucosa. The gastric mucosa is the mucous membrane layer of the stomach. It is due to this barrier stomach contains acid of pH 2 and does not digest itself. Gastric mucosa serves two purpose, first to lubricate the food and second to protect stomach cavity. Carrot juice protects this lining and gives protection against gastric/peptic ulcers. The risk group for ulcer development include people taking Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), like aspirin and indomethacin and Alcohol. Carrot is alternative remedy for clinical management of gastric ulcer diseases.

Medicinal uses of Carrot

Carrot offers numerous health benefits. This common root vegetable has also several therapeutic uses. It stimulates urine production due to its potassium content. It has carminative, anthelmintic, and aphrodisiac in action. It reduces cholesterol and protects against ulcers.

As per Ayurveda, carrot is sweet, astringent, hot, sweet or pungent. It reduces Vata, Kapha and increases pitta. But carrot juice increases Vata.

Intestinal worm

For expulsion of threadworm from body, eat small cup of grated carrot every morning.

Low haemoglobin level, vitamin deficiency

Regular intake of carrot helps to improve hemoglobinlevel. Carrot juice can be mixed with spinach juice.

Constipation

If you are eating carrot daily then the fibre present in carrot cures constipation and helps in better bowel movement.

Digestive system trouble

Carrots are great for digestive system. The regular drinking of carrot juice cures indigestion, chronic, diarrhoea, acidity and other digestive troubles.

Rheumatism, arthritis

Regular intake of carrot juice is helpful in rheumatism, arthritis as it reduces swelling.

Obesity

Lettuce juice mixed with carrot juice nourishes body and helps to reduce obesity.

Urinary stones

Mix juice of cucumber, beetroot and carrot in equal amount and drink regularly.

Absence of menstruation

Carrot seeds are traditionally used for treating amenorrhoea. The seeds (2 teaspoon) are boiled glass of water. This is filtered and jaggery is added. This should be taken regularly for a weak.

Eczema, burn injury, wound

In case of eczema, grate carrots and apply the pulp on affected areas.

Lowering cholesterol

Regular eating of carrots helps to lower cholesterol level.

Rasnadi guggulu is an Ayurvedic medicine prepared from medicinal herbs. The principle ingredient in this medicine is Rasna (Alpinia galanga) and Guggulu. In Ayurveda, guggulu is used in treatment of diseases that occur due to aggravation of Vata. Guggul has ability to penetrate into minutest part of body and is hot in potency. This reduces vata and kapha inside body. As it has laxative effect so it destroys refuge deposits in Srotas or Ama. This medicine gives beneficial results in Gridhrasi or Sciatica, Amavata, Gout, Sandhi-vata and many diseases which are occur due to enraged Vayu or Vata.

Here is given more about Rasnadi Guggul such as indication/therapeutic uses, Key Ingredients and dosage.

Key Ingredients

Rasnadi Guggulu is prepared using five ingredients. One part each of Rasna, Giloy, Erand mula, Devdaru and Sonth are taken and pulverised. It is mixed with five parts of guggulu and very well triturated.

Guggulu one of the best herb for treating joint disorders arthritis, rheumatism, gout, rheumatic arthritis, swollen and painful joints. It is indicated in lowering cholesterol, reducing inflammation, healing of bone fractures, arthritis, gout, rheumatism, atherosclerosis, obesity and hyperlipidaemia.

Rasna is an important medicinal herb which is used in Ayurvedic medicine system for rheumatism and allied disorders, diseases of the abdomen, dyspepsia, bronchitis and inflammations.

Giloy has anti-inflammatory action which makes it beneficial for treating inflammatory conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis and gout. Apart from this it is one of the best herb to boost immunity.

The roots of Eranda (Ricinus communis Linn.) are used in the treatment Amavata (rheumatism), Sotha (inflammation), Katisula (backache), Udararoga (disease of abdomen), Jwara (fever), etc.

Highly purified and standardized ginger extract had a statistically significant effect on reducing symptoms of osteoarthritis of the knee. In researches it is found that ginger has moderated effects on patients.

Uses of Rasnadi Guggul

Rasnadi Guggula is bitter Tonic, aperient and anti-inflammatory. This medicine is useful for treating Vata roga such as joint pain, rheumatism, gathiya, sciatica pain, chronic arthritis, nervous diseases and neuro-muscular pain. This medicine is also used for diseases of head, sinus, ear and fistula-in-anus or Bhagandar.

Dosage of Rasnadi Guggul

The recommended dosage of Rasnadi Guggul 1-2 tablets, twice a day with Dashmul kwath or Rasnadi kwath or hot water. Or take as directed by physician.

Alpinia galanga is commonly known as Greater Galangal (English) and Kulanjan (Hindi). It is a member of the rhizome family (to which Ginger, Turmeric belong) and is also used as an ingredient in Thai cuisine. The tuberous root of Alpinia galanga is used to treat respiratory and digestive ailments. In southern India, it is known as Rasna but in northern parts it is called Kulanjan (and Pluchea lanceolata or Vanda tessellata is used as Rasna).

Credit of Image: Wiki CC BY-SA 3.0 Cary Bass

Scientific classification

Kingdom - Plantae

Order - Zingiberales

Family - Zingiberaceae

Subfamily - Alpinioideae

Tribe - Alpinieae

Genus - Alpinia

Species - Alpinia galanga

Vernacular names

Sanskrit/Indian name: Rasna, Kulanjan, Mahabharivacha, kulinjana, rasna, aratha, Sugandha

• Hindi - Kulanjan
• Kannada - Dhumarasmi
• Bengali - Kulingjan, Barakulanjan
• Gujarati - Kulinjan
• Malayalam - Arattha, Kolinji, Pararatta
• Tamil - Pera-rattai
• Kannada - Dhoomraasmi
• Telugu - Pedda-dhumpa
• Marathi - Kulinjan
• Sanskrit - Mahabaracach, Sugandha Vacha, Rasna
• English - Greater galangal

For medicinal purpose the dried rhizomes of plant are used which can be taken in dosage of one to three grams, in powder form;and 50-100 ml decoction.

Geographical distribution

The plant is distributed in Himalaya and Southern region of Western Ghats in India. It is often cultivated in Konkan and North Kanara.

Greater Galangal Therapeutic constituents

Greater Galangal has antioxidant properties due to presence of six diarylheptanoids. It is rich in flavonoids, which have lipid-lowering benefits. The roots contain essential oil, containing α - pinene, β - pinene, limonene, cineol, terpinen - 4 - ol and α - terpineol.

Ayurvedic properties

• Rasa (Taste): Tikta/Bitter, Katu (pungent)
• Guna (Characteristics): Guru/Heavy
• Virya (Potency): Ushna /Hot
• Vipaka (Post Digestive Effect): Katu/Pungent

Scientifically proven Biological and Pharmacological Action

• Antimicrobial, Anti-inflammatory, Anti- HIV
• Immunomodulator
• Anti-Diabetic
• Anti-diuretic, anti-ulcerative, anti-dementia

Greater Galangal is an antioxidant. An antioxidant is a substance that that inhibits oxidation or reactions promoted by oxygen and peroxides, and thus protects the living body from the deleterious effects of free radicals. It has anti-inflammatory properties. It reduces swelling and used to alleviate muscle and joint aches.

Studies confirm that this medicinal herb inhibits the synthesis of fatty acids and lowers lipid levels.

Traditional Uses of Greater Galangal

The rhizome of Greater Galangal is used to treat variety of diseases in traditional medicine system. It is used to treat cough, bronchial catarrh, ache, lumbago, rheumatic pains, chest pain, and diabetes, improve appetite, liver, kidney disease etc. In Ayurveda, Kulanjan is known for its bitter, heating, pungent stomachic properties and used for improving digestion and appetite, taste, voice, vata roga (arthritis, gout, rheumatism etc.) treatment.

It is a digestive tonic that promotes appetite and relieves flatulence. It is also possess abortifacient (means a drug that causes abortion) properties so it is used in child birth. This also means it should be avoided during pregnancy. The paste of whole plant with honey is used to decrease urine production and also to treat whooping cough.

Medicinal uses of Greater Galangal

The dried rhizome of Greater Galangal is pulverised to get the powder. This powder is used for medicinal purpose. Here is given few remedies which can be done at home to treat some common ailments.

Phlegm, cough, chest congestion, asthma, respiratory ailments: Greater Galangal has antioxidant, expectorant and antimicrobial properties. It is hot in potency and reduces cough. For using it in respiratory ailments, take half teaspoon of crushed galangal and put in one glass hot water. Allow this to infuse for 3-4 hours. Drink this infusion after adding honey or sugar.

Throat irritation, bad breath: Ayurveda recommends use of this herb for voice and oral problems. For this purpose chew a small piece of rhizome.

Fever, lung congestion, nausea, flu: This remedy requires powdered galangal powder and misri. Mix both in equal amount. Take half teaspoon with hot water or milk.

Gum problems: Prepare a decoction and use this for gargling at frequent interval.

Pterocarpus marsupium is an important medicinal tree to manage diabetes in Ayurveda. In Ayurveda it is known by many names such as Asana, Bijaka, Priyaka, Pitashala. It is also known as Indian Kino tree or Malabar Kino tree. In India it is found in hilly regions throughout the Deccan Peninsula, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar and Orissa. Various parts of this tree are used for treatment of variety of diseases. The leaves are useful in skin diseases. Bark is indicated in bleeding and diarrhoea. The inner part of a tree trunk or heartwood is medicine for anaemia, intestinal worms, urinary problems, diseases of skin, obesity, lipid disorders etc. The bark is useful in management of diabetes. Chemical studies done on various part of this tree indicate more than fifty biologically active compounds that act against various major and minor diseases including diarrhoea, dysentery, leucoderma, elephantiasis etc.

Overview

Scientific classification

• Kingdom: Plantae
• Subkingdom: Viridaeplantae
• Phylum: Magnoliophyta
• Subphylum: Euphyllophytina
• Infraphylum: Radiatopsis
• Class: Magnoliopsida
• Subclass: Rosidae
• Super order: Fabanae
• Order: Fabales
• Genus: Pterocarpus
• Species: marsupium
• Family: Fabaceae
• Latin name: Pterocarpus marsupium Roxb.

Vernacular names

English: Red sandalwood, Indian Kino Tree Bengali : Piyasala, Pitasala, Piyashal Gujarati : Biyo

Hindi : Vijayasara, BijaKannada : Bijasara, Asana Kashmiri : Lal Chandeur Malayalam : Venga

Marathi: Bibala Oriya : Piashala, Piasal Punjabi : Chandan Lal. Channanlal Tamil : Vengai Telugu : Yegi, Vegisa Urdu : Bijasar

Ayurvedic: Biyo, Asana, vijaysar, Pitasara, Asanam, bijasal Unani : Bijaysaar Siddha/Tamil : Vengai

Distribution: grows wild especially in dry forest, outer Himalayas Shivaliks, South Indian plateau with altitudes ranging from 250-1200 m and also cultivated throughout Indian subcontinent. Pterocarpus marsupium is a moderate to large sized, deciduous tree, about 90 ft. or more high and 2.5 m in girth, with straight clear bole.

STEM BARK: grey-brown to brown;rough, longitudinally fissured and scaled;heart wood golden yellow;older tree exude red gum resin which is known as Vijay sara in Ayurveda.

LEAVES: 3-5 inches long, with 5-7 leaflets;long, margin wavy and obtuse;petioles are round, smooth and waved from leaflet to leaflet.

FLOWER: 1.5 cm long, very numerous, white, with a small tinge of yellow;Stamens are 10, united near the base;soon dividing into two parcels of 5 each;anthersare globose and 2 lobed.

Part used In Medicines: Heartwood, Leaves, Flowers, Gum resin

Doses of various preparations: Bark powder-3-6 grams;decoction-50-100 ml;extracted juice 125 mg.

Medicinal Properties &Uses

• Indian Kino Tree or Asana is used for treatment of broad variety of diseases. It exhibits following scientifically confirmed activities.
• Powerful astringent due to tannic acid so useful in diarrhoea, dysentery
• Anti-diabetic due to iso flavonoids, terpenoids and tannins. Biological studies confirms substantial hypoglycaemic activity of this tree.
• Lowers triglycerides, serum cholesterol, LDL, and VLDL
• Immunomodulation and relieve stress

Various parts of Indian Kino Tree are used internally as well as externally for medicinal purpose.

Medicinal uses

For treating abscesses, boils, ulcers, scabies, skin diseases paste of the leaves is used. A poultice prepared from the bark and leaves of the tree is useful in skin diseases. For premature hair greying, the inner wood of tree is boiled in Til Taila/Sesame oil and applied on scalp.

Internally, it is used in treatment of diabetes, gout, arthritis, fracture of bones etc. The extract of the bark is used as an astringent for gum and is also useful in diarrhoea.

In case of toothache, the gum resin of tree is chewed.

Anti Diabetic

For diabetes treatment, wood of tree is pulverised. This heart wood powder powder (5 g) is soaked in one glass water for whole night. Next morning, the water is filtered and taken empty stomach. Same should be repeated for 30 days. There are many research has been done on this to test effects of rat with diabetes and result were excellent.

Indian Kino Tree is a very famous medicine of diabetes. It lowers blood sugar level, cholesterol and triglycerides. Indian Kino Tree Tumbler is made from its heartwood. The water is stored in this tumbler overnight and taken for managing blood sugar level.

Heart wood powder also lowers total cholesterol levels in the body.

There are many classical as well as modern Ayurvedic medicines containing bark powder of this medicinal tree are used to manage diabetes.

Himalaya Diabecon is herbal preparation which contains various herbs including Pterocarpus marsupium(Vijaysar) jamun, Punarnava, giloy, tulsi, bhuiamla , karela etc. This herbal medicine is non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM/type II), as a monotherapy or as an adjuvant to other oral antidiabetic drugs. One should always consult an ayurvedic doctor before using this.

Asana Vilwadi Thailam

Asana Vilwadi Thailam is polyherbal Ayurvedic medicated oil prepared from sesame oil and medicinal herbs. The principle herbs of this oil are Asana or Vijaysar or Asana heartwood and Bael root. The other herbs are Bala, Giloy, Sunthi, Mulethi, and Triphala

This oil is for abhyanga which means Ayurvedic massage or the application of herbal oils to the body and its subsequent absorption into the body. It is useful in diseases of head, eyes and ear.

Here is given more about Asanavilvadi Taila such as indication/therapeutic uses, Key Ingredients and how to use.

Key Ingredients of Asana Vilwadi Thailam

76 gram each: Asana Pterocarpus marsupium heart wood, Bilva root, Bala, Giloy stem;water for decoction 12.288 litre reduced to 3.072 litre;Til taila sesame taila 768 g;38. 4 grams each Mulheti root;Sunthi rhizome;Amla, Haritaki;Bibhitaka;768 ml Gau dugdha

Uses of Asanavilvadi Taila

This oil is indicated in Nayana Roga (Disease of the eye such as eye pain, eye infection), Karna roga (Disease of ear such as hearing difficulties, pain in ear), Shiroroga (Disease of head like migraine, pain in head).

Direction to use Asanavilvadi Taila

This is for external use ONLY. It should be applied on head in case of diseases of head.

Asafoetida or heeng (Hindi) is a natural product obtained from an herb. It is used as spice in many cuisines, pickles and also as medicine. Asafoetida is olea gum resin of a plant Ferula foetida and allied species that grow in Afghanistan, Iran, Turkey, Pakistan and India(Kashmir). To know, how asafoetida is prepared, its botanical description, medicinal uses and caution, read on.

How Asafoetida is extracted

Ferula species have big tap roots or carrot shaped roots. These roots are 12 to 15 cm in diameter at crown. In March-April, just before flowering the upper part of living root is laid bare and the stem is cut off close to crown. The exposed part is covered. A milky juice or gum resin exudes from this cut part. This dries up and scraped. Then again, a fresh slice of root is cut for more latex, the collection of resin and slicing is repeated till exudation stops.

This gum resin (or asafoetida) is dried and available in many forms, like lumps, mass or paste. Mass asafoetida is common commercial form available.

Asafoetida contains organic sulphur compound, resins about 40-60%, about 25% gum and about 6-17% volatile oil.

Scientific Classification

Kingdom:Plantae, Division:Magnoliophyta, Class:Magnoliopsida, Family:Umbelliferae, Genus:Ferula, Species:Foetida

Latin name:Ferula foetida Regel. Synonym:Ferula asafoetida Linn.

Vernacular names

• Ayurvedic:Hingu, Hinguka, Ramattha, Bahlika, Jatuka, Sahasravedhi, Vedhi, Badhika, Agudagandhu
• Sanskrit:Ramatha, Sahasravedhi
• Unani:Hilteet, Hing
• Siddha/Tamil:Perunkaayam, Perungayam
• English:Asafoetida
• Assam:Hin
• Bengali:Hing
• English:Asafoetida
• Gujarati:Hing, Vagharni
• Hindi:Hing, Hingda
• Kannada:Hingu, Ingu
• Kashmiri:Eng
• Malyalam:Kayam
• Marathi:Hing, Hira
• Oriya:Hengu, Hingu
• Punjabi:Hing
• Tamil:Perungayam
• Telugu:Inguva

Parts Used:Oleo gum resin extracted from the roots and rhizome.

Habitat

Asafoetida plant species are native to Afghanistan and Iran. It is distributed throughout the Mediterranean region to Central Asia. In India it grows widely in Kashmir and in some parts of Punjab.

Description of plant

Asafoetida plant is perennial and attains a height up to 12 feet in wild with a circular mass of 30-40 cm leaves. Flowering stems reach 2.5 to 3 m high. Flowering stems have many ducts in the cortex, containing resinous gums. The flowers are small and yellow coloured. Fruits are oval, thin, flat, reddish brown in colour and contains milky substance. Roots are thick, massive and pulpy. The foul odour comes from the resin like gum extracted from the stems and roots.

Ayurvedic Properties

Heeng or Asafoetida is hot and pungent. It is heating effect on body. It reduces vata/wind and kapaha and increases pitta. It improves appetite and aids in digestion. Heeng contains essential oil that evaporates when applied externally on skin. It is stimulant, expels gas, antispasmodic, and anthelmintic.

Asafoetida is a great remedy for digestive troubles. It is useful in abdominal distention, pain, cramping and gas, parasites, worms, difficult menstruation, pain, anxiety, nervousness, vertigo, anxiety, hysteria, worry, depression, lethargy, cough, asthma, arthritis, headaches, nerve pain, paralysis etc. It works on circulatory and digestive system.

Heeng has carminative properties and added to many dishes that produces more abdominal gas such as chana dal, peas etc.

Medicinal uses

Asafoetida is acrid and bitter in taste. It has strong, disagreeable, pungent and a distinct odour due to presence of sulphur.

Asafoetida has anticholesteremic (reduces cholesterol levels in the blood), anticoagulant, antifertility (reduces fertility, prevents implantation), antifungal, antihepatotoxic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiparasitic, smooth muscle relaxant activity, anti-diabetic and antiulcerogenic properties. The most significant properties are anticarcinogenic, anthelmintic, antispasmodic and carminative activity.

Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia of India recommends the dosage of asafoetida for medicinal purpose 125-500 mg for detoxified oleogum-resin. Bandhani heeng which is available in India is compounded asafoetida. It is prepared by boiling asafoetida, edible starch or edible cereal flour and water to get gelatinized mass. The mass is cooled, dried and grinded. It is the commonest form of heeng available in India which is used in kitchen as spice.

Abdominal gas, stomach ache, infant colic

• Asafoetida has carminative properties. Even external application gives relief in gas and pain. For this purpose, asafoetida is dissolved in water and a paste is prepared which is applied externally on abdominal region.
• Heat 1/3 teaspoon of asafoetida powder in 2 tablespoons of sesame oil. Allow the mixture to cool slightly and massage it on the baby’s stomach.

Low appetite, abdominal gas

• Prepare a powder by mixing 1 teaspoon each, powdered ginger, cumin, black cumin, long pepper, asafoetida, ajwain and rock salt. Take 3/4 tsp of this mixture in 1/5 cup of warm water or buttermilk after meals three times a day.
• Prepare a powder by mixing equal quantities of asafoetida, powdered black pepper and dried ginger powder. Take one teaspoonful with water twice a day for gas and upset stomach.

Indigestion:Take 1/4 teaspoonful of asafoetida and sprinkle on ripe banana and eat.

Intestinal worms:Mix 2 gm of asafoetida in 100 ml of water and use as an enema.

Hoarseness of voice:Mix half teaspoonful of asafoetida in a glass of water and drink it twice a day.

Cough, asthma, bronchitis, respiratory ailments

Mix ¼ teaspoonful of asafoetida in 2 teaspoonful of fresh ginger juice. Add a pinch of salt and have it 2 – 3 times a day.

Insomnia:Mix half teaspoonful of asafoetida in a glass of warm water and drink it at night before going to bed.

Painful periods:Fry asafoetida in ghee and powder it. Mix one teaspoonful of this powder with one tablespoonful of cooked and mashed rice and eat. Drink a glass of hot water immediately after having it. Do this twice a day.

Opium poison neutralisation:Asafoetida is used traditionally to neutralise opium poison. For this purpose asafoetida is taken with water.

Pain in tooth due to cavity:In case of toth cavity, take small piece of asafoetida and put in cavity.

Burn injury:In case of burn injury, dissolve asafoetida in water and apply on burnt area to get relief.

Boil:Mix equal quantities of asafoetida and dry ginger powder. Make a paste by adding water. Apply this paste over the boils.

Hysteria:Fry asafoetida in pure ghee and mix half a teaspoonful of this in one glass of warm water. Give this to person affected with hysteria for about one and a half months.

Itching in the anus:Dissolve some asafoetida in water and soak a piece of cotton. Apply this in and around the anus.

How to check purity of asafoetida

There are few home tests that helps to identify pure and impure asafoetida. Pure hing, gradually dissolves in water truing it milky white without a residue at the bottom. Also it burns without residue. But impure hing, dissolves in water and settles in bottom and does not burn completely on fire.

Who should not use Asafoetida?

There are few conditions in which asafoetida is contraindicated.

1. Its use should be avoided in acid conditions as it increases bile.
2. Asafoetida show anti- fertility effect. Its ethanolic extracts prevented successful implantation in rats. So it is recommended to avoid its use while trying for baby.
3. Asafoetida stimulates or increases menstrual flow and show abortifacient (causing abortion) properties. Due to this reason, avoid its use in pregnancy.
4. Long term use of Heeng may result in burning in urine, acid irritation in throat, gas and acidity.

The literal meaning of word Pashanbheda is, one that breaks stones (Pashan is stone and bheda means to break, in Sanskrit). There are many plants that are known by this name due to their diuretic and lithotriptic (dissolving or destroying stone in the bladder or kidneys) activities. One such plant that is widely accepted under the name Pashanbheda(Bergenia ligulata) is Bergenia ligulata syn. Saxifrega ligulata. This medicinal plant is useful in treatment of many ailments but particularly for urinary calculi. Pashanbheda herb is found in Himalaya and the Khasi hills Assam. The rhizomes of this plant are used to prevent and expel urinary stones.

Different Ayurvedic treatise mentioned this plant and recommended its uses for treatment of urinary stones. Charak Samhita (210 BC-170 AD) mentioned this plant under the name Pashanbhed and recommended it for painful micturition, for curing abdominal tumour and for breaking up calculi. Sushruta Samhita (170 AD- 340 BC) and Ashtang Hridaya (341 AD - 434 AD) also mentions it for uric acid calculi.

In Sushruta Samhita, decoction of Pashanbhed, Ashmantaka, Satavari, Vrihati, Shalluka, Varuna (Crataeva nurvula), Kulattha (Dotichos biflorus), Kola and Kataka seeds have been described for the patients of Vataja asmari.

Scientific Classification

• Kingdom:Plantae- Plants
• Subkingdom:Tracheobionta-Vascular plants
• Superdivison:Spermatophyta- Seed plants
• Division:Magnoliphyta- Floweringp lants
• Class:Magnoliopsida- Dicotyledons
• Subclass:Rosidae
• Order:Rosales
• Family:Saxifragaceae- Saxifrage family
• Genus:Bergenia Moench- elephant ear
• Species:Bergenia ligulata (Wall.)

Synonyms:Bergenia ciliata (Haw.) Sternb., Megasea ciliata (Haw.), Saxifraga ciliata (Haw.), Royle., Saxifraga ligulata Wall., Saxifraga thysanodes Lindl

Vernacular names

• Sanskrit:Ashmabheda, Nagbhita,
• Pashaanbheda, Silabheda
• Hindi:Dakachru, Pakhanabhed, Pakhanabheda, Patharcua, Silparo, Silpbheda
• Assamese:Patharkuchi
• Bengali:Himasagara, Patharchuri, Patrankur
• Gujarati:Pakhanbheda, Pashanbheda
• Kannada:Alepgaya, Hittaga, Hittulaka,
• Pahanbhedi, Pasanberu
• Kashmiri:Pashanbhed
• Malayalam:Kallurvanchi, Kallurvanni, Kallorvanchi
• Marathi:Pashanbheda
• Mizoram:Khamdamdawi, Pandamdawi
• Oriya:Pasanbhedi, Pashanabheda
• Punjabi:Batpia, Dharposh, Kachalu, Pashanbhed
• Tamil:Sirupilai
• Telugu:Kondapindi, Telanurupindi
• Urdu:Kachalu, Pakhanabheda

Geographical distribution

Pashanbheda or Bergenia ligulata is succulent perennial herb that reaches height up to 50 cm. It is distributed in the temperate Himalaya (from Kashmir to Nepal) from 2000-2700 m and very common in Pakistan, Central and East Asia.

Plant description

Perennial herb with short, thick, fleshy and procumbent stems, Rootstock very stout, Leaves ovate or round and 5-15 cm long at flowering time, Upper and lower surfaces hairy, becoming almost hairless in age, Flowers white, pink or purple, 3.2 cm in diameter, forming a cymose panicle with flexible flowering stem, 10-25 cm long leafless and styles.

Plant roots:Rhizome, solid, barrel shaped, cylindrical, 1.5-3 cm long and 1-2 cm in diameter with small roots, ridges, furrows and root scars distinct, transversely cut surface shows outer ring of brown coloured cork, short middle cortex, vascular bundles and large central pith, odour, aromatic, taste, astringent.

Constituents of Roots

Major phenolic compound bergenin, Tannic acid, Flavonoids, Benzenoids, gallic acid, Lactone and glucose.

Scientifically confirmed biological activities

Antiurolithic activity: The rhizomes inhibits stone formation. In studies, bergenin exhibited marked dissolution of urinary calculi both in kidney and urine constituents.

Diuretic activity: The presence of active principles like flavonoids and saponins in roots show significant diuretic activity.

Anti-diabetic activity: The roots show anti-diabetic effect which may be due the stimulation of cells of pancreatic islets or mediated through stimulation of insulin release resembling the oral hypoglycemic sulphonylureas.

Hepatoprotective activity: The roots show significant liver protecting activity. Although the mechanism, how the herb works, is not fully understood. Due to this property, it is one of the ingredient in Himalaya well known Ayurvedic formulation Liv 52.

Antipyretic activity: The roots of plant has significant fever reducing properties.

Blood pressure lowering activity:The plant roots show cardio protective activity. It lowers the blood pressure.

Medicinal Uses

Pashanbheda is used in Ayurveda and Unani system of medicine for treatment of many diseases especially for urinary stones. The plant roots has cooling, laxative, analgesic, abortifacient (abortion causing) and aphrodisiac properties.

The roots are used in treatment of vesicular calculi, urinary discharges, excessive uterine haemorrhage, diseases of the bladder, dysentery, menorrhagia, splenic enlargement and heart diseases. Ayurveda mentions, the roots as bitter, acrid, post digestion pungent and cool in potency. It is tridoshnashak (balances Vata, Pitta and Kapha).

1. Teething troubles:The roots are rubbed down and given with honey to children when teething.
2. Ear pain:The leave juice is extracted in mortar and pestle. This is used as ear drops to cure earache.
3. Intestinal parasites roundworms:About 10 g of root paste or juice is taken orally by human adults with the molasses, twice a day for 3-4 days.
4. Cuts, boils, wounds and burns:Dried roots paste is applied externally on affected body parts.
5. Urinary disorders, stomach disorders and urogenital complaints:Decoction of fresh roots is taken orally for treating these conditions.
6. Constipation:Root paste is taken with lukewarm water.
7. Dysentery:Approximately 5-10 g root powder is taken with fresh water, two times a day.
8. Fever:The root powder tea is given to treat fever.
9. Cough:50 ml root decoction with candy sugar is given for one weak.

Ayurvedic Pharmacopeia of India, recommends dosage of the roots as follows

• Dried powered rhizomes:1-3 gm twice a day.
• For decoction:20-30 gm rhizomes

Important Formulations containing Pashanbheda

Pashanbheda(Bergenia ligulata) plant is used in preparation of many Ayurvedic medicines. Some of them are Ashmarihar kashay for kidney stone, Mutravirechan Kashay, Himalaya Herbal Healthcare's Cystone to disolve kidney stone, Nephrolex and Liv 52, Baidyanath Pathrina, Charak Pharmaceuticals Bombay, Calcury etc.